Argumentative Essay On Gun Violence - 751 Words

There are 30,000 gun related deaths per year by firearms, and this number is not disputed. U.S. population 324,059,091 as of Wednesday, June 22, 2016. Do the math: 0.000000925% of the population dies from gun related actions each year. Statistically speaking, this is insignificant! What is never told, however, is a breakdown of those 30,000 deaths, to put them in perspective as compared to other causes of death: †¢ 65% of those deaths are by suicide which would never be prevented by gun laws †¢ 15% are by law enforcement in the line of duty and justified †¢ 17% are through criminal activity, gang and drug related or mentally ill persons – gun violence †¢ 3% are accidental discharge deaths So technically, gun violence is not 30,000†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ 40,000+ die from a drug overdose–THERE IS NO EXCUSE FOR THAT! †¢ 36,000 people die per year from the flu, far exceeding the criminal gun deaths †¢ 34,000 people die per year in traffic fatalities(exceeding gun deaths even if you include suicide) Now it gets good: †¢ 200,000+ people die each year (and growing) from preventable medical errors. You are safer in Chicago than when you are in a hospital! †¢ 710,000 people die per year from heart disease. It’s time to stop the double cheeseburgers! So what is the point? If Obama and the anti-gun movement focused their attention on heart disease, even a 10% decrease in cardiac deaths would save twice the number of lives annually of all gun-related deaths (including suicide, law enforcement, etc.). A 10% reduction in medical errors would be 66% of the total gun deaths or 4 times the number of criminal homicides......Simple, easily preventable 10% reductions! So you have to ask yourself, in the grand scheme of things, why the focus on guns? Its pretty simple.: Taking away guns gives control to governments. The founders of this nation knew that regardless of the form of government, those in power may become corrupt and seek to rule as the British did by trying to disarm the populace of the colonies. It is not difficult to understand that a disarmed populace is a controlled populace. Thus, the second amendment was proudly and boldly included in the U.S. Constitution. It must be preserved atShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Gun Violence759 Words   |  4 Pages Upon reading the article, â€Å"What If We Treated Gun Violence Like A Public Health Crisis?† and watching the news every now and then, there are many major tragedies surrounding around us. It is absolutely scary, and only seems to be getting worse. The article starts off with the statement that, â€Å"More than 30,000 people a year are killed by gun violence,† making it clear just how serious the situation pertaining gun violence is (Kodjak, 2017, p. 1). Yet, this statistic does not even take into considerationRead MoreArgumentative Essay the Right to Bear Arms1159 Words   |  5 PagesUNIVERSIDAD DEL TURABO NAGUABO, PUERTO RICO ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY FINAL HOMEWORK LURDES M. PEREZ S00604108 PROF. RAMOS/ENGLISH 153 Right To Bear Arms Imagine waking up in the middle of the night to a complete stranger who is in your house, threatening to harm you, and your family, and you cannot do anything about it. Imagine, not being able to go target shooting or hunting, because there are laws passed to prevent you from owning a firearm. The truth is, more and more people inRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Gun Control Essay1000 Words   |  4 Pages Argumentative Essay: Gun Control in America â€Å"The second amendment of The United States Bill of Rights is my concealed weapons permit, period.†- Ted Nugent. Saving lives one by one starts with limiting the purchase, sale, and use of guns in America. According to Alexander Lee, the political and social debate over the question of how much gun control is appropriate and it has been regularly discussed within the last decade. Shootings such as Sandy Hook, and Tucson shootings have raised the government’sRead MoreArgumentative Essay Gun Control1410 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ English 101 Argumentative/Persuasive Essay 4/12/2013 Word Count 1,255 Readability 12.3 There are new proposed gun control laws in the aftermath of the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newton, Connecticut that occurred on December 14th, 2012. This incident claimed the lives of twenty 1st graders and six adults and has set the government in motion to try to prevent future acts of violence by strengthening gun control laws in the United StatesRead MorePeople With Mental Illnesses Should Not Have / Own Guns1241 Words   |  5 Pageshave/own guns Connor Nelson Period 2/3 5/7/15 Argumentative Essay People with mental illnesses are referred to a wide range of mental health conditions disorders that affect your mood, thinking, and behavior. Examples like Autism, Anxiety Issues, and many more that affect them. It is so easy for anyone to get guns. About over 300 million have been made and sold to people in 2012, so there is a large supply of them. (My Turn: Should People with Mental Illnesses Own Guns?†, 2015).Read MoreArming Teachers For Schools Are Being Targeted By Those With An Intent1007 Words   |  5 PagesCooper O’Connor Mrs. Forster Argumentative Essay 22 November, 2015 Arming Teachers Schools are being targeted by those with an intent to kill. A school should be a place that parents and the community feel is safe for kids. It is turning into the opposite, gunman are targeting schools because they are easy to attack and have a large amount of people. The best way to prevent attacks on schools is to scare the attackers away before they ever even show up. To scare away the attackers schools need toRead MoreGun Control And The Second Amendment1846 Words   |  8 Pages Final essay The research that I conducted this semester focused on the Second Amendment and whether or not it should eliminate. Essay one, The Rights to Bear Arms explains citizens have the right to rebel against a tyrannical government by using guns for self-defense, and the gun owner shouldn t deprive of something they love because other people abuse it. Essay two â€Å"Gun control† argue that the Second Amendment should eliminate because it increased the potential for crimes and the numberRead MoreContemporary Moral Issue Essay2709 Words   |  11 Pages philosophical essays, and book excerpts, all of which will be posted on Blackboard (http://blackboard.wm.edu). Goals of the Course: By taking Contemporary Moral Issues, students will: learn how to read difficult philosophical texts and gain an understanding and appreciation of important arguments in the field; learn how to express their thoughts in writing clearly and concisely (students will have the opportunity to attain this goal through response papers, quizzes and essays); learn how toRead MoreArgumentative Essay : The Shooting Of African American Teenager 1386 Words   |  6 PagesOakley 1 Jackson Oakley Mrs. Schmitz Honors English III 30 March 2015 Argumentative Essay: Darren Wilson is not Racist The shooting of African American teenager Michael Brown by white officer Darren Wilson has been a hot topic of debate. Those in support of Michael Brown believe that Darren Wilson racially profiled Brown and that the shooting would have never occurred had Brown been white. Those in support of Darren Wilson state that he acted in self-defense. This argument has more evidence supportingRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Kindred By Octavia Butler1299 Words   |  6 PagesKindred Argumentative Essay â€Å"It is the law of love that rules mankind. Had violence, hate ruled us we should have become extinct long ago. And yet the tragedy of it is that so-called civilized man and nations conduct themselves as if the basis of society was violence,†(Gandhi). In this quote Gandhi says the main reasons of love and hate are mankind. As well that both control and destroy a human. However, in the end the human chooses the one they will follow. In the outstanding novel Kindred by

Extreme Sports Free Essays

Extreme Sports Frist path —around 1 minute 1. Introduce: Hi, I am Sharon, today my presentation’s topic is extreme sports. Is anyone playing extreme sports? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Extreme Sports or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thesis: For leisure life, extreme sports is a good choice for people who want to the pursuit of stimulation. Extreme sports not only give people a chance to release the pressure in the natural world, but also is a way to challenge themself and become stronger. Second path — around 8 minutes 1. The reason had extreme sports: — around 1~2 minutes Today, facing increasingly cruel competition of society, human life rhythm is becoming more and more fast, working pressure is more and more high and the life space more and more small. Reality environment makes modern people overwhelmed and constant, increasing the stimulation and make the person feel domain limit also enhance unceasingly. General sports cannot meet the pursuit of human mental stimulation. . Definition and the type of extreme sports: —-around1~2 minutes Extreme sports is a popular term for certain activities perceived as having a high level of inherent danger. Because of extreme sports is more like outdoor sports, the playing area would be sky, water and land. There have many type of extreme sports, such as bungee jumping, rock climbing, snowboarding, cave diving, auto racing, water ride, flowboarding and Parkour. 3. Motivation: (each motivation will come with image) —around 2~3 minutes Enjoy nature (ex. get close with nature word, escape crowds and noise) Reduce tension (ex. Tension release, slow down mentally and escape and daily routines. ) Challenge self (ex. physiological and psychological) Meet new people and share similar values 4. Show a video — around 2 minutes 5. Take a risk: — around 1 minutes As you see, extreme sports is a challenging sports. And it belong to the adventurer. Because extreme sports is a dangerous sports, people who played extreme sports only live for the thrill of the moment without a thought of the many things that could go wrong. Third path ( around 1 minute) Conclusion: Extreme sports not only can help people escape daily routines and release the pressure, but also can make people stronger in the self-confidence and healthier in the body. However, when you try a extreme sports you have to pay attention and take care yourself. (End of this presentation) Thanks This the presentation will use power point. How to cite Extreme Sports, Papers

Deferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Example For Students

Deferred Action For Childhood Arrivals Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an executive order signed by President Obama in June 2012. DACA is a federal immigration policy that concerns illegal, undocumented immigrants that have that arrived in the United States prior to their 16th birthday, have been in the country since June 2007, and are under the age of 31 years old. Under DACA, eligible individuals are permitted to receive a renewable work permit, lasting two years, and to be exempt from deportation—under the condition that these individuals are lawful and either attending an educational institution, a high school graduate or currently serving or honorably discharged from the military. The policy does not officially allow for these immigrants to become American citizens. However, this policy protects immigrants that did not come to the United States under their own free will as children. Problem identification: In 2012, there was a large social movement from Latino organizations such as, the League of United Latin American Citizens, the Hispanic Federation, the Labor Council for Latin American Advancement, and the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund. A growing social movement was also developing among young Latinos, forming the groups like United We Dream. The DREAM movement consisted of protesters advocating for their rights as immigrant students. These students called themselves DREAMers—which, stems from the DREAM Act (Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors). The DREAM Act is a legislative bill that was first introduced in Congress in 2001. However, Congress was never able to pass this bill, despite multiple reforms made over the past decade. The DREAM Act s main goal was to protect the rights of immigrant students in the United States by allowing conditional residency and eventually permanent residency. It was also established on the argument that these individuals are law-abiding students that did not come to the United States under their own free will. Proponents of the DREAM Act argued that Immigration Enforcement should not focus deportation efforts on young people who are contributing to society either through the means of education or military service. DREAMers of the Campaign for an American DREAM group participated in various forms of civil protest throughout the United States. In June 2012, DREAM protesters arrived at President Obama’s local campaign headquarters in Denver, Colorado and requested an executive order by the current President to protect illegal, immigrant students—in this instance, some of the protesters initiated a sit-in protest. Other protests that pressed for rights of young Latinos included the Trail of Dreams, a 1,500-mile march from Miami, Florida, to the White House. Anderson (2013) describes a policy problem as, â€Å"†¦a condition or situation that produces needs or dissatisfaction among people and for which relief or redress by governmental action is sought† (p. 82). Thus, problems must be recognized and understood by policy-makers. In the case of DACA, the protests of DREAMers fostered the issue of immigrant rights to the President. Another aspect of problem identification was the consideration of what populations would be affected by DACA. It is evident that California holds a significant percentage of potential DACA recipients; thus, had already established their form of the legal protection for illegal youths called CAL DREAM Act. California passed this state policy in 2011, previous to the signing of DACA. Under the CAL DREAM Act, minors that arrived in the United States before turning 16 years old were permitted to receive student financial aid. California had addressed the problem of immigration rights before the federal executive order was passed as DACA. Furthermore, the Pew Hispanic Research Center, a branch of Pew Research Center estimated that 1.7 million individuals, as of August 2012, would be potentially eligible nationally to apply for protection under DACA. Additionally, 85% of the 1.7 million DACA beneficiaries are Latino (Pew Research Center, 2012). .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .postImageUrl , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:visited , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:active { border:0!important; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:active , .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2 .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucc237db11201125f865c4e87e79ac6a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Illegal Immigrants Have Migrated Into Theu.s For Many YearsAgenda Setting: DACA can be understood through Kingdon s policy window theory. The policy window of opportunity allows for certain issues to progress onto policy agenda. Kingdon (1995, p. 152-153): details the convergence of the three streams (problems, proposals, and politics) that produces a policy opportunity: Advocates of a new policy initiative not only take advantage of politically propitious moments but also claim that their proposal is a solution to a pressing problem. Likewise, entrepreneurs concerned about a particular problem search for solutions in the policy stream to couple to their problems, then try to take advantage of political receptivity at certain points in time to push the package of problem and solution. The three components must congregate in order to allow policy to be pushed onto political agendas. But, as Kingdon further illustrates, all three aspects exploit each other throughout this policy window, which in the end benefits all three key players. The first aspect of Kingdon’s policy window theory is the problems. In the case of DACA, the problem of immigrant rights—especially those of young students had been made active to the public and media through social protest. Kingdon explains how policy-makers perceive problems—and one such method is through feedback. The DREAM protests offered a form of feedback to elected officials, specifically President Obama, that illustrated that a large group of individuals were unsatisfied with current conditions. Moreover, Anderson (2013) demonstrates how government only addresses a problem if there is a solution. Thus, another component of the policy window theory is the proposals. Preceding DACA, there was already proposed policy through the DREAM Act. The DREAM Act had first been adopted in 2001. DACA and the DREAM Act are exceedingly similar in nature—both tackle the rights of undocumented, immigrant youths. There are only minute differences between the two policies. The DREAM Act was ultimately the foundation to DACA—with the DREAM Act as a proposed legislative bill of Congress that failed to pass, thus, eventually led to DACA, an executive order by the President. The DREAM Act was an institutional agenda of Congress, as a legislative bill; however, when it was unsuccessful the policy proposal was then shifted onto another institutional agenda, that of the executive branch with DACA. The policy proposal had already been well established when it reached President Obama. As K ingdon argues proposals are often at the ready but remain dormant until problems are identified and political aspects are addressed. How solvable is this Not really addressing the cause of the issue†¦ Politics is the final aspect of Kingdon s policy window theory. President Obama signed DACA in June 2012—the summer before the November Presidential election. As incumbent, President Obama, was up for re-election, it could be argued that he decided to sign DACA in order to receive acknowledgement that he supported efforts made by the young Latino protesters and Latino organizations. The Pew Research Center in December 2011, found that 91% of Latinos in the United States supported the DREAM Act. Consequently, President Obama had motives to ensure Latino votes for the upcoming election. The New York Times (2012) writes, â€Å"The president was facing growing pressure from Latino leaders and Democrats who warned that because of his harsh immigration enforcement, his support was lagging among Latinos who could be crucial voters in his race for re-election.† Although, an executive order does not guarantee permanency, President Obama called it the â€Å"first step† dur ing the announcement of DACA. During this time, public protests were increasing, but it can be argued that these Latino groups also knew that President Obama would more likely enact a policy during his re-election campaign season. There is strong evidence to illustrate that there were multiple conditions that eventually led to the signing of DACA. Protesters understood this was an opportune time to encourage President Obama during his campaign, as it was comprehended that he wanted the Latino votes. President Obama understood that he needed to formally address this impeding issue if he wanted to secure his executive position. Furthermore, the already established proposals addressing this problem, made the formulation of DACA easier to pass.

Juvenile Corrections Essay Example

Juvenile Corrections Essay Com II How does the media stereotype you? *Come as your favorite stereotype: By Ego Aviators. Stereotypes Japanese women as some people may think of them. It shows a Japanese girl with slanted eyes, white paint on her face and dressed in a robe. (Race and Culture) *Will Stereotype for food: By The Latino Comedy Project. Stereotypes Mexicans as people with out Jobs that will do any line of work to get by. It has four Mexicans In the back of a truck holding up a sign saying will stereotype for food. Race and Culture) *The Arabs are coming: By New York Arab comedy festival. Stereotypes that Arabs will always have a camel with them because they are from the desert. It shows a camel with sunglasses in Hollywood. ( Race and Culture) *Whos a Looter? : By Tania Rally. Stereotypes a young black male of stealing because of how he looks. Shows two pictures on of a young black male with bags and is stereotyped of stealing as in the second picture has a white male and white female and they Just found the things they are holding. Race and Culture) Gay Asian-American Male Seeking Home. : by Chon-suck Han. Stereotypes a gay Aslant male by say how Aslant all reading look Like theyre more feminine then other males. (Race, Gender, Culture, and Sexual orientation) *On Covers of Many Magazines, a full racial palette is still rare. : by David Carr. Stereotypes White women as being or important for people to see on a cover of a magazine. (Race and Culture) *Not Only Natalie is Missing. : by Anne-Mar ie OConnor. Stereotypes how white women are shown in the media over other races and genders. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Corrections specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Corrections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Corrections specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tells use how people will listen more of a white girl missing over another kind of kidnapping. (Race, Culture, and Gender) *Skin Deep What polls of Minorities Mils. : BY David Boosts. Tells use that polls only show use Stereotypes that may be true for some of the people but not all of them. Also Monitor use Tanat ten polls will always n (Race and Culture) more data to Increase Its result. *Advertising Sets Double Standard for the Male Gender. : By William Sea. Stereotype males of being men and they should act a certain way to be a man. It tells use about a commercial that shows a man that is successful being macho, watching sports, and drinking beer and tells use that thats how we need to be to be successful. (Gender and Culture) *Graphic Artist Carefully Assigns Ethnicities to Anthropomorphic Recyclables. : Appeared in august 2003 in the Onion. Tells use of how the artist is trying to get every different tip of race and sexual orientation as recyclable objects. Such as a black man as a trash can and a Mexican as a can. (Race, Gender, Sexual orientation,

A Critical Evaluation of Jonathan Demmes Philadelphia Essay Example

A Critical Evaluation of Jonathan Demmes Philadelphia Essay Example A Critical Evaluation of Jonathan Demmes Philadelphia Essay A Critical Evaluation of Jonathan Demmes Philadelphia Essay Essay Topic: Film Philadelphia Here I Come The mass media (i.e. film, television and newspapers) is for the mainstream, perhaps the most important source of information about homosexuality and AIDS. Consequently how these subjects are portrayed in the mass media will heavily influence societys understanding of these issues. Jonathan Demmes Philadelphia (1993), a film produced by TriStar is Hollywoods first attempt to confront AIDS and homosexuality. This film deals with how Andrew Beckett, a gay man copes with AIDS, discrimination and the stigmatisation of homosexuality. During this essay I will analyse how AIDS and homosexuality are constructed in Philadelphia by using two opposing strands of argument which show the mechanisms through which the films narrative both reinforces prevailing mainstream cultural values and how it problematises them. I will address five questions that the film prompts: 1) Are the images of the gay men in this film fair and representative of the gay population? 2) Is the innocent victim/guilty victim paradigm addressed adequately and does the film challenge or reinforce this mainstream ideology? 3) Does the film accurately represent AIDS? 4) How is gay sex addressed, implicitly, explicitly or not at all? 5) How is homophobia dealt with in this film? Finally I will summarise my arguments and in conclusion give my personal opinion of the films capabilities and deficiencies. In order to make the issues of homosexuality and AIDS in this film accessible to straight people, Andrew Becketts/ Tom Hanks character has been toned down. Andrew Beckett is portrayed as charming, masculine and non- threatening. He is normal, white, middle class, a successful lawyer and an all round nice man. In fact Beckett is so unassuming that it is not until he is rushed to hospital to be treated for AIDS (about 20 minutes into the film) that we know he is gay because we meet his same sex partner, Miguel Alvarez/Antonio Banderas. The problem with Philadelphias cleaned up, positive images of gay men is they are not truly representative or an accurate portrayal. Gay men come in all shapes and sizes, colours and creeds and have individual sexual persuasions. As Alan Sinfield said in his book Gay and After: 1 The pervasive images of white, upper-middle class, straight looking people is at the expense of those more distanced from and threatening to the mainstream, such as the poor, ethnic/racial /sexual minorities, drag queens, and butch lesbians The deal is acceptance for the straight-acting at the price of dumping embarrassing brothers and sisters. Hence this film potentially alienates any gay person that is not white, clean-cut and middle-class and it implies to a largely homophobic audience that anything other than a gay man who is virtually indistinguishable from a straight one is unacceptable. However in the films favour it must be said that Philadelphia was not made for a gay audience and it was produced at a time when the social climate was aggressively anti-gay due to the onset of AIDS. As this was Hollywoods first attempt to address AIDS and homosexuality the filmmakers must have felt they needed to present a non-threatening, watered down version of the truth in order to reach and educate a mainstream audience. Another problem with Philadelphia is that it does not address the guilty victim/innocent victim paradigm adequately enough. During the film a courtroom scene takes place where Andrew Beckett is prosecuting the law firm that sacked him because he was ill with AIDS. In this scene a former employee of Becketts law firm is being questioned by a lawyer who asks her how she contracted AIDS. She tells him through a blood transfusion when giving birth. The lawyer then says So in other words, in your case there was no behaviour on your part which caused you to be infected with the virus, it was something that you were unable to avoid, isnt that correct? The former employee replies, I guess, I dont consider myself different from anyone else with this disease. Im not guilty, Im not innocent, Im just trying to survive. Although the film attempts to address the innocent/guilty paradigm it leaves the message open to interpretation. Viewers could either agree with the lawyer, believing the former employee to be innocent because she contracted the virus through a blood transfusion and not gay sex thus implying that anyone who contracted AIDS through gay sex is guilty. Alternatively, the viewer might agree with the former employer who thinks of herself as not innocent or guilty, just a human being person trying to survive an illness. The film should have been more explicit in delivering its intended message that there are no guilty victims just people whom have HIV and are dying of AIDS. In this instance, Philadelphia fails to challenge the mainstream ideologies instituted in the1980s and 1990s by many of the straight population and people in the medical establishment who blamed AIDS on gay men and branded it the 2 gay cancer, a divine retribution delivered by God to punish deviants and perverts. A further deficiency within this film is that it could be accused of making AIDS look heroic and sweet because many aspects of Philadelphia are far too idyllic. As illustrated earlier Andrew Beckett is an ideal man, he is charming, good-looking educated etc. and he miraculously wins his court battle against a huge law firm. Andrews family are wonderful, loving and understanding and even his boyfriend, Miguel is ever devoted, even when Andrew has cheated him on in a cinema with an unknown man. The same kind of unrealism is true of the films portrayal of AIDS, as Jefft says in his film review on the Gay.Net website: 3 It isnt like a Tom Hanks movie you dont get hugged by Antonio Bandaras and gently expire while Joanne Woodward weeps for you in the corner. It takes forever, and you wont win an Oscar for putting yourself through it. Instead, youll turn into a skeleton slowly, achingly over time, and lose your job, your money, your lovers, your eyesight, your appetite, your bowel control, your memory, your mind. Youll rage and scream, youll alienate all of your friends and family and ruin their love for you and destroy your regard for yourself. I would rather step on a land mine in Vietnam and die with my body parts hanging in a tree. A more true-to-life and less ideal representation of the issues surrounding AIDS in this film would have helped to give the mainstream a more real understanding and perhaps helped them to examine their ideological beliefs concerning AIDS and homosexuality. The most striking problem with this film is its refusal to address gay sex. The relationship between Andrew and Miguel is so chaste it is difficult to tell that they are lovers. In fact Andrew is more intimate with his mother and sisters than with his own boyfriend, he hugs kisses and dances with his family whereas the only affection he shows for Miguel is a quick peck on the cheek and a slow dance which is anything but intimate. This failure to show intimacy is deeply problematic and reinforces the misconception that homosexual sex is something to be ashamed of and hidden. It compounds the ideology that homosexual contact is deviant and perverted and thus too offensive to show on film. Philadelphia should have depicted intimacy between Andrew and Miguel, it could even have shown them using a condom, this may have been more useful to a homophobic audience than having no sex scenes at all and would have delivered the message that there is absolutely nothing wrong with gay sex. The filmmakers management of homophobia is very complicated in this film because Philadelphia clearly denounces civil rights discrimination. This can be seen in the fact that Andrew Beckett wins the court case against his previous employers who sacked him because he has AIDS. Yet, Philadelphia does not totally damn the social bigotry and prejudices that can be seen clearly in Jo Miller/Denzel Washingtons character. In this film Andrew Beckett decides to take his previous law firm to court and attempts to hire Jo Miller a homophobic, black lawyer who is very reluctant to take the case. However Jo is won over only because he witnesses Andrew being treated badly (as black people have been treated) by an embarrassed librarian who urges a very ill looking Andrew out of public view. To its merit, the film draws a clear parallel between discrimination against blacks and discrimination against people with AIDS because it is Jos identification, as a black man, with Andrew that leads him to represent Andrew in court. Throughout the court case Joe Miller who is a raging homophobic is gradually seen to shift his point of view as he works with and gets to know Andrew Beckett. However, Joes transformation is very uncertain because he never really gets to the point of being comfortable with Andrews homosexuality or his illness. He only reaches a stage where he can identify with Andrew on the level of a person who has been discriminated against. In fact one scene towards the end of he film still shows just how homophobic he still is. Joe is in the bar and one of his friends is jibbing him that he must be gay because he is representing a gay man. Joe retorts Hey, let me tell you something, these people make me sick, Philko, but a law has been broken. You remember the law, dont you? So in the end this film delivers the message that gays especially those with AIDS should be entitled to equal civil rights but homosexuality is still an abomination that is not to be condoned. In conclusion, there are some major problems with the film: the images of the gay men are not fair or representative of the gay population, it fails to adequately challenge the mainstream ideology that gay men have AIDS because of their deviant behaviour, it idealises and glamorises AIDS, completely denies gay sex and a fails to clearly define its position on homophobia. However having said all this I still believe considering the social climate and that it was a first attempt to broach these subjects by Hollywood that it was groundbreaking. Director Jonathan Demme did not make this film for people already educated about AIDS. He made it for an ignorant public that does not know the difference between HIV and AIDS, that thinks it can catch HIV from touching an infected person and that still brands gay men as perverts. It is for people such as these that Philadelphia, with all its shortcomings, helped to increase their general understanding of AIDS and may have forced them to examine their fear of AIDS and dogmatic and intolerant treatment of gay people.

Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak Essay Example for Free

Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak Essay The story entitled â€Å"Pigeons at Daybreak† by Anita Desai of India is a representation of love and acceptance. Mr. Basu is the man who is unable to perform his task on his own because of the different illnesses that developed into his body. Otima, the wife of Mr. Basu has the selfless love towards him. She takes care of her husband despite of all the problems and complications that emerged in their situation. Otima used to read the newspaper for Mr. Basu. Because Mr. Basu could not able to read the newspaper due to poor eyesight, Otima produced deeper patience and love for her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the time when their house had no electricity due to electric problems, the two went to the terrace and decided to stay there until the electricity comes back but when the electricity went back, Mr. Basu refused to go back inside the house for it was the time of preparation of leaving. Mr. Basu accepted the fact that his life will soon vanish and become part of heaven. The pigeons in the terrace where Mr. Basu died symbolize his spirit and his journey in the next life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story is simple yet attackable. Its tragic situation brought life to the whole story. Then, with a swirl and flutter of feathers, a flock of pigeons hurtled upwards and spread out against the dome of the sky – opalescent, sunlit, like small pearls (Desai 228). This ending part of the story compressed the entire claim of the story. It means that the ending of the story signifies life as its wondrous creation but soon will end because every one of us will leave the world in beauty and a new journey will begin. Desai, A. (date). Pigeons at Daybreak. pp.220-228 Book Report on Pigeons at Daybreak. (2017, Feb 26). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Introduction to Managerial Accounting Research Paper

Introduction to Managerial Accounting - Research Paper Example In addition, what price should be charged to the product to replace the production costs and earn a profit that is optimal? In addition, they have to plan how to finance the operations and how to manage the available cash. That is important in keeping the activities of the business to work smoothly. Â · Decision making. Managers need managerial accounting information when they decide whether or not to commence a certain project. Managerial accounting will help them compare the benefits of various opportunities and help them decide which ones to choose. Â · Performance measurement. Managers have to compare the budgeted figures to evaluate the performance of the business to actual results of the operation. They will have to use certain techniques of managerial accounting such as standard costing to assess the performance of various departments (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel, 2010). Managerial accountants keep record financial information for their firms that are used by the management team of the company to aid in the process of decision-making. Managerial accountants do develop budgets, perform asset, cost management, and create necessary reports to be used by the Directorate team. In every company managers to significantly depend on the data provided by managerial accountants to develop business strategies that are effective. Owners of small business make most of the decisions within their company. The data offered by managerial accountants can affect the liability of the owner to make business decisions that are sound (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel, 2010). The main purpose of managerial accounting in business is to support decision making by collecting, processing, and communicating helpful information that would assist the managers. The information would help the managers to plan, control, and evaluate the processes of the business and strategy of the company (Albrecht, 2007).

Which reflections of Islam are in the tale of Maruf the Cobbler Essay - 2

Which reflections of Islam are in the tale of Maruf the Cobbler - Essay Example Maruf is a virtuous man. He tries to keep the peace and fulfill his responsibilities to his wife according to the requirements of the Islamic law. He does this even when his wife is senseless and cruel (Holy Quran 30:21). Moreover, when Maruf hands over alms to the poor, he goes to the mosque at the hour of prayer. It reflects Islamic beliefs since it is the Muslims who go to pray in a mosque (Kritzeck 307). Third, when a person is offended by another, he/she takes the dispute to the Kazi or the high court according to the Muslim culture. This happens in the story when Maruf’s wife goes to accuse her husband falsely to the Kazi after a domestic dispute over the cake with bee honey (Kritzeck 300). Fourth, the story refers to Allah as their Supreme Being and creator of heaven and earth. This reflects Islamic belief since it is the Muslims who call their God Allah (Kritzeck 300). Fifth, in the marriage ceremony between Maruf and the king’s daughter, the king calls the sheik Al-Islam to write the marriage certificate. It is according to the Muslim culture whenever there is a marriage between two people (Kritzeck 311). Sixth, when the king heard about the richness of Maruf, he gets greedy and decides to give his daughter in marriage to Maruf. He does this with the aim of bringing the wealth of Maruf into his family. It is according to the Muslim culture when he a man marries the king’s daughter, all that he owns becomes part of the king’s family wealth (Kritzeck 308). Seventh, according to the Islamic culture, a woman once given into marriage to a man, she is supposed to stand by him whether he was in the wrong or the right. It is considered her duty to her h usband. We see this happening when the princess sides with Maruf even after he reveals the shameful secret to her (Kritzeck 314). Eighth, Muslims believe in a jinni, a powerful spirit being. When Maruf escapes from the palace, he meets a farmer tilling his farm. On the man’s land, Maruf

The Effects of Mouthwash on Pea Seeds Germination Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Mouthwash on Pea Seeds Germination Essay Purpose: The purpose of the pea seeds germination lab is to determine whether pea seeds will sprout with the absence of a complete water solution and replaced by Listerine Mouthwash. Water is the most basic and useful, natural resources for all living things. Water is extremely responsible for carrying all life functions within the cell. Life cannot exist on earth without the presence of water. In this lab we will investigate to see if seeds can germinate with a substance which its inactive ingredient is water. Since seeds require water in order for its embryo to rise up, one may conclude that mouthwash which contains a small regiment of water molecules can indeed provide for the environment of seed germination. One concept that will also be determined is whether a dormant seed can sprout under a fairly good temperature, the right amount of oxygen, and a mouthwash solution. In this lab, the experiment will distinguish whether a seed would sprout meeting only some of its requirements. Another purpose that will be examined is the mutual effects of germinating seeds in mouthwash. The seeds’ tendency to respond to their environment will also be put into account. The discovery of how seeds will react in a water solution and a mouthwash solution (shape and color) will definitely be seen throughout the experimental lab. To determine how the seed may change its shape or its color there must be thorough evaluations made upon the seed’s appearance. HYPOTHESIS: After examining some of the key aspects in which seeds must adhere to in order to go through the process of germination one can state a proposed idea that seeds will not sprout within a Listerine Mouthwash solution. After acknowledging the fact that pea seeds are very specific in their type of environment that they need to germinate, there is no way in which the seeds will sprout in abnormal conditions. The act of germinating seeds in mouthwash will cause the seeds to remain or become dormant, the seed’s resting stage. In a more detailed description of why mouthwash would not be the best solution for the seed to absorb during the process of seed germination, is that the chemicals found in mouthwash like menthol, methyl salicylate, and etc. can cause harmful effects on the seed’s ability to sprout. These harsh chemical reactants can produce havoc within the cell’s interior. Mouthwash may also cause the endosperm to remain inside the seed which will make the seed very resistant to germinate. METHODS/PROCEDURES: In the beginning of the experiment, pea seeds were used in order to perform the experiment. It was extremely important to acquire good, dry, and viable seeds so the process of germination could occur. A handful of these healthy seeds worked best in assisting the experiment. The seeds ability to germinate was a vital information needed to determine the outcome of the experiment. The second step of the experiment was to soak the seeds in water overnight. This action was made to prepare the seeds for germination and making them more softer and less rigid. The seeds were placed in a bowl and were covered by tin foil. It was set up on the refrigerator to minimize any outside interference that may come to it. After a full night of absorbing the water, the seeds were ready to start the next stage. The third step that was taken was germinating the seeds. Two sets of paper towels were used to germinate the batch of seeds. The handful of seeds were split into two groups, one being the controlled group and the other being the experimental group. One of the paper towels were soaked in 3 tablespoons of water and the other was soaked in 3 tablespoons of Listerine Mouthwash. The amount of each solution remained the same in order to have a controlled experiment in which any changes that occurred in the dependent variable could be traced by only the independent variable. Having different measurements of quantity can affect the outcome. To make sure that a group of seeds did not have a difference in the amount of solution added, measuring them was very vital. The seeds that were labeled as the control treatments were placed on the towel soaked in H2O. The second batch of seeds labeled as the experimental group was placed on the towel soaked in mouthwash. Then, after that, the two towels with the seeds in it were folded and placed in separate zip-lock bags. The two zip lock bags sat on the dresser of my room for weeks. Having the seeds in a nice and warm temperature is better than, having them in an extreme temperature range that would hurt the seeds tremendously (seeds are very particular in the kind of environment they are in). In the first six days, the number of seeds that sprouted was accounted for in each bag. Another problem I accounted was knowing if all the seeds remained in the â€Å"seed sandwich†. Perhaps one seed could have dropped to the floor. To overcome this problem, I had to count and make sure that the amount of seeds were still there from the previous day. This was the entire procedure conducted. OBSERVATIONS/DATA: Throughout the six days of experimentation, the two batches of seeds were showing extremely different outcomes. Their response toward the water solution was different from their response toward the mouthwash solution. The seeds that germinated with water responded positively. The seeds germinated in Listerine Mouthwash responded negatively. On day 1, the seeds in a water solution sprouted. Little hypocotyl structures emerged from the seed coat, which showed signs of germination. About a centimeter long, 21out of 27 seeds germinated with their little, tiny structures sticking out. At the edge of the hypocotyl was a thin leafy structure known as the radicle. The seeds germinated rather quickly in just a day. Unfortunately, the seeds found in the mouth wash solution did not sprout at all and still held its green, brownish color. On day 2, the seeds’ stems grew longer. Their radicles extended a little longer like over 1 cm. This time, 24 out of 27 seeds germinated. The seeds in the mouthwash solution did not sprout at all. None of the seeds showed any signs of germination. One thing was quite weird during my last trial. Signs of shedding appeared in the seeds found in the mouthwash solution. One seed seem to be stripping its coat off. This observation showed up in only one of the trials, therefore it probably happened by chance. Both groups of seeds received nearly the same amount of that specific solution, which showed that the controlled group did not get a greater advantage over the other group. On day 3,the stems grew longer in the controlled group and the same outcomes remained in the experimental group. On days 4, 5, and 6, the seed grew accordingly. Their radicles became even longer with their bright green appearance. The seeds were fully germinated and ready to be put in the soil to germinate.

Essay --

Philip Covarrubias Covarrubias 1 Fire 100-30 Friday 1300-1550 12-06-2013 Communications Center My name is Philip Covarrubias, and I’m going to be talking about the communications center. The Communications center, a facility where dispatchers work, is the place where most emergency agencies receive 9-1-1 calls for emergency assistance, such as the fire departments, police departments, and EMS agencies. There are many communications centers throughout the United States and in other countries. In the United States, they are divided by counties. Depending on how large the county is, it will determine how many facilities will be running. In every communications center dispatchers work with a computer system called computer-aided dispatch (or CAD for short). Dispatchers started working with these computers in the early 1970’s, and as they became more known, agencies began adopting theses computers. The function of the CAD system, using the enhanced 9-1-1 system, is to quickly find the lo...

Anti Terrorism: Within India Essay

The Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA) was an anti-terrorism legislation enacted by the Parliament of India in 2002. The act replaced the Prevention of Terrorism Ordinance (POTO) of 2001 and the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) (1985–95), and was supported by the governing National Democratic Alliance. The act was repealed in 2004 by the United Progressive Alliance coalition. The bill was defeated in the Rajya Sabha (the upper house) by a 113-98 vote,[4] but was passed in a joint session, as the Lok Sabha (lower house) has more seats. It was only the third time that a bill was passed by a joint session of both houses of parliament.[5][6][7] Contents [hide] * 1 Purpose * 2 Repeal * 3 Prominent POTA cases * 4 See also * 5 References * 6 External links [edit] Purpose The act provided the legal framework to strengthen administrative rights to fight terrorism within India, and was to be applied against any persons and acts covered by the provisions within the act. It was not meant as a substitute for action under ordinary criminal laws. The act defined what a â€Å"terrorist act† and a â€Å"terrorist† is, and granted special powers to the investigating authorities described under the act. To ensure certain powers were not misused and human rights violations would not take place, specific safeguards were built into the act.[8] Under the new law, a suspect could be detained for up to 180 days without the filing of chargesheet in court. It also allowed law enforcement agencies to withhold the identities of witnesses, and to treat a confession made to the police as an admission of guilt. Under regular Indian law, a person can deny such confessions in court, but not under POTA.[9] [edit] Repeal Once the Act became law, many reports surfaced of the law being grossly abused.[10] Claims emerged that POTA legislation contributed to corruption within the Indian police and judicial system,[11] and human rights and civil liberty groups fought against it. The use of the act became one of the issues during the 2004 general election. The United Progressive Alliance committed to repealing the act as part of their campaign. On October 7, 2004, the Union Cabinet approved the repeal of POTA.[12] NDA and other parties condemned this act of publicity. NDA asked UPA to introduce the Act again, but Congress criticized it and did not pass the Act. In November 2008, after the attacks happened in Mumbai, Narendra Modi and Lal Krishna Advani accused UPA government for not passing the Act, which would have prevented the attacks.[citation needed] Activists supported to BJP government for this. [edit] Prominent POTA cases * Vaiko, a prominent Tamil politician, was controversially arrested under the POTA for his support to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.[13][14] * S.A.R. Geelani, a lecturer at Delhi University, was sentenced to death by a special POTA court for his alleged role in the 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament. He was later acquitted on appeal by the Delhi Bench of the High Court on a legal technicality.[15] * Syed Ali Shah Geelani, the leader of the Jamaat-e-Islami group, arrested under POTA.[16][17] * Raghuraj Pratap Singh, a.k.a. Raja Bhaiya, a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Kunda, India was arrested on the orders of then Chief Minister, Mayawati Kumari. He was sent to jail under POTA.[18][

The Effects Of Oil Spill In The Marine Ecosystem

These components affect living organisms in many ways. Some of the soluble components and emulsions are poisonous, particularly to small organisms that do not have protective coverings or shells- Fish larvae, single celled algae and many kinds of plankton are vulnerable and these are the basic foundation of the marine food chain. In shallow water these toxic substances may directly kill algae, coral and sea grasses.These components may also be passed in the food chain or directly ingested or absorbed through the gills of fish and other larger marine organisms. The effect may be to kill the animal or contaminate its tissues. A thick film of oil on the sea surface may reduce sunlight penetration and reduce photosynthesis. Small particles and emulsions may be ingested or block the feeding mechanisms of invertebrates such as oysters, starfish, sponges and corals. These particles also may have toxic components, so the effects can be physical, chemical or both. The most dramatic impact of oil spills is the coating of larger animals with oil. Animals that breathe at the surface like dolphins, sea turtles and manatees may inhale oil and toxic vapors. Sticky oil may also coat their bodies. Coating with oil is particularly devastating to birds. Even a thin coat of oil compromises the waterproof quality of feathers, causing the bird to become water logged and loose heat. Animals, like some sea turtles, that feed at or near the surface may ingest tar balls and particles that then physically blocks their intestines and may be toxic as well.At the shoreline, shallow waters and coastal estuaries and marshes, the impact of the layer of oil, floating and suspended emulsion and particles can be devastating, coating plants and benthic animals like corals, crabs and shell fish, preventing photosynthesis and breathing and blocking filter feeding mechanisms. These materials become mixed into shoreline sediments and remain in the system for years. ‘Dispersants’ are deter gent like substances that can be applied to an oil slick and accelerate the emulsification, break-up into particles and dispersion of the thick oil. This limits the spread and the distance that a slick moves.However it is important to recognize that the oil does not go away- its all still there, just in the form of smaller particles and emulsion that is less mobile. In addition, dispersants may also be toxic or have deleterious effects on the natural environment, particularly on small single celled organisms. System recovery.Despite these gloomy predictions, the effects of oil spills are not permanent and complete. Marine systems show remarkable resiliency and as the oil becomes sequestered in less active forms (tarballs, buried oil etc.) and is broken down by sunlight and bacterial action, the systems recover. Survivors reproduce and recolonize habitats. Some creatures adapt to tar and oil covered substrates and some crabs and mollusks actually eat the tar and the bacteria and fung i growing upon it, and aid its degredation. The oil in its several forms is dispersed, diluted and broken down until only small pockets and particles remain.Marine systems are by their very nature open- that is connected by the sea, wind and currents to distant uncontaminated regions. Many marine organisms have mobile life phases(floating eggs, larvae) that recolonize and re-establish populations. Some of the creatures affected by a spill also routinely suffer catastrophic mortality from other causes (e.g. some colonial nesting seabirds) and are well adapted to recover. Large mobile animals like sharks, sea turtles, large fish and whales that moved away from the spill move back. Although there may be significant mortality of some of these animals, overall the impact on their populations is usually not permanent.In the well studied cases in the Arabian gulf, Alaska (Exxon Valdez) and English Channel (Torrey Canyon), the appearance of the system returned close to normal within a few y ears. Although there was still oil and tar present in the sediments, and continuing effects among the organisms there was visible recovery of major parts of the system (seagrass beds, rocky intertidal habitats, coral reefs).With the passage of time, approximately a decade or so, and rebalancing of ecosystem and the creatures living in it, the system continues to function and returns to productivity, fisheries recover and many of the organisms are restored to their previous abundance. While such widespread intense disruption may causes changes in the balance of nature- which species are present and how numerous they are- nature itself survives. Although such catastrophic events are very damaging and economically expensive at a human scale, on an ecological time scale they are passing disruptions and on an evolutionary timescale, barely perceptible.Ecosystem effectsClean up efforts have included unprecedented amounts of chemical dispersants,  which are used to break up oil slicks. A lthough detailed effects of the chemical dispersants on wildlife and ecosystems are not well studied, the chemicals used are toxic to a variety of organisms, and they have never been previously used on this wide a scale. Because dispersants break oil up into tiny droplets, marine biologists fear that fish larvae, zooplankton and filter feeders (such as oysters), will be at risk from eating the large quantities of â€Å"non-visible† oil.Chemical dispersants are likely to impact deep-water animals downstream of the well. Oil will likely reduce the amount and health of all prey species, reducing the food available for marine mammals, seabirds and sea turtles. Plankton is the foundation for nearly all life in the Gulf of Mexico (and the ocean), and they will most likely be affected. Contaminants from the spill and the dispersants are likely to concentrate in the upper food chain, affecting whales, dolphins, birds and sharks. FishesScientists have observed fish species moving into near-shore areas with less oil contamination, indicating that they may be fleeing significant habitat impacts in deeper waters. The Gulf is a breeding ground for bluefin tuna, and the oil spill coincides with egg production. Larvae of tuna and other fishes eat anything they see in the water, including oil droplets. Studies on a variety of fish larvae suggests that ingestion of both oil droplets and dispersants causes adverse effects, including mutations, physiological problems and increased mortality.BirdsSeabirds get covered with oil while diving into oily waters to fish. The birds may ingest oil when they eat prey that is covered in or has ingested oil. Once birds are covered with oil, they have difficulty flying, or are completely unable to fly, making feeding and getting away from predators impossible. Many species of birds, including the brown pelican (just taken off the endangered list) face threats from the oil spill on the coastal islands and wetlands of the Gulf that they use as rookeries. Birds’ eggs are getting covered in oil, and the birds are deserting their oiled habitat, leaving their eggs behind.Oil pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems in themarine  environment. Episodic pollution events, such as catastrophic oilspills; in particular, threaten water quality and habitat with a suddenness andseverity rarely matched by other pollutants. Catastrophic spills typicallyresult from transportation accidents such as collisions or groundings of oiltankers.Most oil pollution stems from non-catastrophic events, however, and occursmost frequently during cargo transfer operations. In fact, of the 3.5 Milliontons of oil that ends up in the ocean every year worldwide, only a small percent is a consequence of tanker spills. About 70 percent of oil Pollution isdue to chronic pollution from municipal and industrial wastes or run off,dumping of waste oil, release of oily bilge water, and from other-than-tanker transportation.Whatâ⠂¬â„¢s an oil spill?Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause anoil tanker to leak oil into the ocean. There are a few more ways an oil spillcan occur. Equipment breaking down may cause an oil spill. If theequipment breaks down, the tanker may get stuck on shallow land. Whenthey start to drive the tanker again, they can put a hole in the tanker causingit to leak oil

The Grim Reality of the United States Prison System essays

The Grim Reality of the United States Prison System essays The grim reality of the U.S. prison system We as Americans abide by rules imposed on society by past individuals, who believed that society could no longer function in a structured manner without such laws. These laws are what make freedom a reality; even so the price to pay for breaking a law that tarnishes the ultimate goal of society is a price most people, from a mental standpoint can barely survive. The harsh judgment man endures on judging another man is a punishment all in its self. Even so, this does not pertain to violent crime offenders, for nobody deserves to be attacked in such a manner. Regardless, non-violent crimes such as drug offenses need serious adjustment at the national and state level. There is substantially a significant amount of evidence to prove that the current punishment for non-violent criminals in no way contributes to excelling society to a higher intellect, but rather hinders the capabilities of society economically and morally. The American prison system is a system most people try to not thi nk about, why else would the system be in such a debacle as it stands today. Prison, the underworld that stretches deep into the dark depths of the soul, twisting and pulling ones mind into chaos; this wretched feeling is well deserved by violent crime offenders such as rapists, murderers, for they deserve no rights. From an Economic standpoint crime does pay for these individuals. Although non-violent crimes I woefully disagree with, the American prison system is to blame for the hindrance posed on these people; the public could benefit if 10-20 percent of prisoners were under some other form of rehabilitation rather than cold prison time. (Piehl, Dilulio, 20-5) The entire Economics of the prison system is as confusing as the laws written for people to get in there. The New Jersey prisoner self-report survey, show that the average violent crime prisoner costs, twenty five thousand dollars a year to impr...

Critique a Research Article Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Critique a Article - Research Paper Example The author further puts forward questions for research regarding the symptoms that are associated with acute kidney injury. The author is trying to put forward that the nurses should know about acute kidney failure and the causes of it. The early signs should be detected by the nurses and they should intervene at the right moment to help it not progress towards end stage renal disease. The author gives the necessary signs and symptoms leading to it along with the steps that a nurse should take when intervening. Hypothesis The author proposes that acute kidney failure can be prevented by experienced nurses who have the necessary knowledge in intervening during the course of the injury. The author put forward a real case of a patient who developed acute kidney injury but she did not progress to chronic renal failure because the nurses intervened at the right time. Evaluation Author provides a literature review by highlighting the main points of acute kidney injury and the mechanisms in volved. She further uses research to strengthen her hypothesis. The author has used recent literature review to prove her hypothesis and she has complemented the research with a real life example of a patient suffering from Acute Kidney Failure. I believe that the article in all ways is relevant to the current health issues and problems faced by nurses in handling such cases. The mortality rate of the patients with acute kidney injury have increased in the recent past and such an intervention as laid down by the author can certainly decrease the risk and help in decreasing the mortality rate as well. Â   The author has utilized a case study as she already has selected a patient and the nurses have intervened at the right time to avoid the serious consequence of chronic renal injury. The sample selected for this article was only one and it was in co-relation with the topic as the author selected an individual with the injury only. The sample was hence appropriate for the research ar ticle. This work has been crafted by the author by selecting an individual who seemed to be suffering from the disease that the article is referring to. The author has made this research more practical by laying down the nursing intervention techniques. I believe that is practical and applicable in the real world because the nurses can play a great role in intervening of the progress of acute kidney injury to chronic and avoid mortality. The author has emphasized on the role of nurses to understand the risk factors and diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury. The relevant nursing assessment that is required to be done on the patients has been emphasized by the author. These factors would help nurses to identify the patients who are at risk of developing acute kidney failure. I believe, the application of this research in the real life is possible only if nurses are trained to handle such cases. However, in this research only one such case was analyzed by the author and hence it cannot be concluded with certainty that it would be applicable to all cases in different situations. Moreover the author does not include training programs for the nurses to carry out the relevant intervention with the patients who are suffering from the disease. I believe that the nurses should be trained properly along with the knowledge of the intervening techniques when it comes to the patients of acute kidney

Media and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Media and Society - Essay Example The researchers used a survey sampling method and a panel design technique in which the same samples were observed at different points in time (Lowery and DeFleur, 1983) . Locational parameter was in Erie County in Ohio because it was culturally homogenous with a population of 43,000 being stable for 40 years. The people living in Erie County were all white and the farmers and the industrial labor force were evenly distributed. Thus, this would help in classifying the respondents. It was also relevant that the tri-media were present; 3 newspapers, 2 radio stations and all major network channels were represented. Importantly, Erie County had the record of deviating a little less from national voting pattern as far as the twentieth century was concern. During the study, there were 3,000 sampling respondents, 600 persons each for 4 stratified samples referred to as "panel" and 600 persons each also for the 3 control groups. Panel and control groups were used as there were qualms that th e process would greatly affect the results which eventually turned out to be the otherwise. There were several influential factors that could affect voters of Erie County and that included political index, religion, demography, socio-economic status and cross pressures among all others. There were three main patterns of change in cross pressure voting. According to the study, 28% were crystallizers (Lowery and DeFleur, 1983). They changed vote up to the last minute. On the other hand, 15% were waverers. Waverers were those whose decision pattern was like a wave. They started out with a clear decision then during the campaign period slowly changing sides but then later vote on their original choice. Finally, the party changers were self-explanatory and composed 8% of the samples. Cross pressure votes were simply a delay of the final decision of the voter. As such, potential voters whose low interest in the campaign and the cross pressure voters became media campaign targets. The challenge with media-mediated campaign was how to effectively deliver the message that a certain candidate was way far better than the others. The problem also lies on media exposure. How well-spread was the exposure. Surprisingly, radio comprised 50% of those surveyed when asked about the most important source of political information (Lowery and DeFleur, 1983). The media however, was a big contributor in political campaigning through three major patterns of influence; activation (awareness), reinforcement (continuing justification) and conversion (switch sides through persuasion). The two-step flow of communication stated that ideas and arguments would from the media to the opinion leaders then finally to the less active portions of the population. It was emphasized in this chapter the importance of mass media in influencing the voting behavior of the people. There maybe other factors that can affect any individual's vote but media-mediated campaign can greatly affect voter's decision up to the last second of the election period. Therefore, with all these political propaganda and strategy using mass media, Franklin D. Roosevelt won the political race. Chapter 5 Audiences for Daytime Radio Serials: Uses and Gratifications In the late 1930's, America

Short paper on Reinventing Eden by Carpolyn Merchant Essay

Short paper on Reinventing Eden by Carpolyn Merchant - Essay Example This study is to discern specifically the shifting attitudes to the concept of â€Å"wilderness† in western culture, and some issues concerning the labeling of â€Å"wild†, as well as its advantages and disadvantages that have been produced by it. â€Å"Internalized by Europeans and Americans alike since seventeenth century, this story has propelled countless efforts by human to recover Eden by turning wilderness into garden, female nature into civilized society, and indigenous folkways into modern culture.† Wilderness according to her can be compared to the nature of a female. A female’s emotional nature is unpredictable. It could be serene for a time but can also be overly sensitive and sometimes even raging. Thus the kind of characteristic is not ideal to apply in physical environment if habitant is seeking the likeness of â€Å"Eden†. Merchant used this message to educate the readers with the importance of the civilization and organization even in a natural environment. Perhaps, she has been implying that the uniqueness of the Garden of Eden among other gardens was its cultured and organized system, as Biblically speaking the Garden of Eden was tended first hand by our Creator. In further discussion her argument within the context revealed to be that the wilderness she’s implying doesn’t mean to be in natural aspect. The results of wilderness were actually pertaining to the man made attempt for civilization but is environmentally and socially destructive, if not compatible with its habitants. The effect of this wilderness brought by man’s frequent attempt to recreate Eden in technical state has delivered the once fertile earth into a phallocentric state. This is a great decline from once pristine Eden state of the earth. The effect extent up to the lifestyle of men, from their habitation state up to the very food they are eating, which is far from the natural essence of

Critical Analysis of the Nature of Gender Differences in Communication Essay

Critical Analysis of the Nature of Gender Differences in Communication - Essay Example In addition, the way that men and women adapt to others whose communication methods are different in order to achieve their communication goals. One non-verbal element of communication that can often be seen is the concept of confirmation. This is the process of acknowledge that someone exists and that the communicator is aware of that existence. This is often achieved by the nod of the head, a handshake, smile, or eye contact. A verbal indication of confirmation is a greeting such as a simple â€Å"hello†. This type of communication demonstrates respect and is often used as an attempt to gain trust from another person. We can see how men and women respond differently to this type of communication by looking at the first scene of the Modern Family episode. The theme of the situation comedy is that the family supports the other members even when they don’t agree on the actions of the family member, and even if they don’t believe that an endeavor will work. They co mmunicate their support in a secondary way through nonverbal cues as well as verbal advice. The characters in the family represent the stereotypical characters for the most part, but three members of the family stand out from the rest. There are two gay guys and a Latin Woman present in the show, who has a son with Jay in the show. Gloria, the Latina, has a thick Spanish accent and dresses like a Flamenco dancer almost, she is the prototype of a hot Latin woman, wearing bold colors and low cut dresses with high heels. Since the essay is about the difference between men and women and how they communicate, parts of the essay will focus on how she communicates in certain situations with her husband and other men. When Claire sees Dwayne, the town councilman standing outside a grocery store campaigning for reelection, she calls him â€Å"jerk† and â€Å"phony† in a low voice to her husband because Dwayne did not accept her proposal to put in a stop sign on her street. On t he other hand, the councilman who is running for office shows a big sign of the element of confirmation by warmly saying hello and shaking the husbands hand and asking for his vote. The husband immediately responds with eye contact and a smile saying that he will vote for the man. Meanwhile, Claire keeps reverting her glance away from the councilman, and indicator that men are more straightforward when communicating in person, while women are more self-aware. When Claire finally introduces herself, she announces that they have met before implying that the man should remember the encounter. After a few seconds, the man does remember and once again refutes her original request, keeping a smile on his face the entire time as if smiling is all it will take to win him the election. The man fails to acknowledge her request, responding that everyone asks for the same thing, but that’s not really what people want. This frustrates Claire even more and as she walks away, the issue for her is clearly not solved and her trust in the councilman has diminished even further. This is a great example of how men and women respond differently to confirmation efforts in communication. For the husband, the nonverbal cues were enough to satisfy him and increase his faith in the councilman, but for Claire, the use of non-verbal cues and the lack of verbal confirmation only served to lessen her faith in the coun

Political Leadership: Napoleon Bonaparte

Political Leadership: Napoleon Bonaparte Political Leadership: Napoleon A study in political leadership: Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte is one of the most contentious and polarising figures in world history. Some historians such as J David Markham and David P Jordan believe him to be the epitome of the revolutionary struggles that preceded him and indeed the natural continuation of the French Revolution. Others such as Paul Johnson and Claude Ribbe see Napoleon as an autocratic ruler who not only used and abused the French Revolution but also proceeded to rule in a totalitarian manner. These contrasting views do, to some extent, illustrate how adept Napoleon was as a political leader. In changing and unsettled conditions that called for both a strong leader and paradoxically the lessons of the Revolution of representation by plebiscite and the throwing away of the ‘Ancien Regime’, Napoleon was in effect able to straddle both divides so successfully it is still difficult to get to the bottom of his leadership. I will show how through Napoleons skill, hard work, intelligence and even luc k, he was not only able to straddle this divide but set and achieve his goals in every area of French society and government, and indeed Europe. Most people know Napoleon by the wars that bear his name in the early 19th century, the fatalities caused by these and the Empire he built. It is clear that Napoleon had aims which were military by design and goals which could only be carried out by military ends and though these are clearly an integral part of his leadership, it is important to note that his social and political tasks were as important, if not more significant, when looking at Napoleon as a political leader. It is the social and political aspects of his rule that I shall focus on. Napoleon’s swift ascent to power, in 1799, on the back of the French Revolutions successes and ultimately it’s failures, found France in a weak position both internally and in Europe. The Revolution had introduced such massive change in social and political arenas from that of the ‘Ancien Regime’, that France did not have a workable position on every aspect of life in France from the economy, education and government to the church. There were hostile nations eyeing the French land in its moment of weakness, especially Austria and Prussia, which only served to hasten the need for internal workings. Napoleon therefore had two key tasks in front of him which themselves incorporated multiple key goals – make France workable again and keep France and its territories secure from hostile states. As Markham declares, â€Å"France was looking for someone who could preserve the benefits of the Revolution while bringing credibility back to government† Napoleon was very clever in his leadership in that he did not have an overbearing ideology, differing with both the revolutionaries and the ‘Ancien Regime’ and with this he had an exceptional understanding of where he needed to position himself to not only remain strong in his own position, but to build a strong France and Empire, as Dwyer states: â€Å"Napoleon eliminated the factionalism that had torn the country apart†¦ The introduction of a unified code of law†¦ monetary and financial reforms and the Concordat with the Catholic Church†¦ Were all designed to create the social, economic and political stability necessary to consolidate and maintain power.† The results of this meant that the positions Napoleon took on the domestic issues at hand are remarkable in essence to that of Tony Blair and the ‘third way’ doctrine. As Norman Davies states, â€Å"The eventual offspring (of Napoleons legislative agenda) often consisted of strange hybrid creatures, neither ancien fish nor revolutionary fowl.† For instance the Revolution dismantled all hereditary titles and classed every citizen as the same, Napoleon however created his own hierarchical system based on merit, thus at the same time creating the much-needed stability of the time without betraying everything that the Revolution stood for. Indeed the ‘Code Napoleon’, the grand law system Napoleon created was, as Davies says, â€Å"a middle path between the Roman law of the south and the customary law of the north, between egalitarian principles of 1789 and authoritarian, propertied reaction of the Directory.† Further pointing out Napoleons success is Emsley in ‘Napoleon’: â€Å"Napoleon Brought internal stability to France after the upheaval of the revolution. He fostered reconciliation between old and new elites and restored the Catholic Church – on his own terms. The 15 years of Napoleons rule witnessed significant reorganisation within France.† It is clear then that Napoleon did succeed in his goals of creating a stable and strong France capable of governing and maintaining its position – in fact expanding it’s position – on the world stage. However it is simply not enough to state what ideology – or lack thereof – Napoleon followed in determining what kind of political leader he was. It is important to state how he worked in creating his legislative agenda and how effective this was in his political leadership throughout his rule. Napoleon is fabled for his long hours and incredible ability to not only dictate multiple memos and letters, legislation and law, at the same sitting for vast periods of time but for also using vast quantities of information accurately from the top of his head. â€Å"He (Napoleon) was extremely hard working and able†¦ When in Paris he was known regularly to work through much of the night, going to bed at 10pm, rising at 2am†¦ His days in Paris were then filled with meetings, readings and correcting documents and receiving petitions, with food being eaten while he was standing or on the move. His insatiable thirst for, ability to absorb, knowledge enabled him to discuss science with scientists, and to debate, at high level and with experts, history, geography, literature†¦ He expected regular reports†¦ and he read them.† Napoleons clear controlling nature and ambition does provide strength in his political leadership. A strength in so much as that it is this mans desire and drive which not only got him to his goals but enabled him to ensure that things were being run the way he envisioned them, the right way. This way of dealing with leadership could be down to the good fortune that Napoleon undoubtedly seemed to gain during his career both on the way up and while in power, as Markham puts it, â€Å"Some†¦ have suggested that he (Napoleon) simply had incredible luck and was always at the right place at the right time. The latter was certainly often true†¦ The trip to Egypt come(s) to mind.† But this sense of good fortune and wanting to make the most of it may not be the reason for Napoleons controlling way in power. Before he gained power his ambition and jealousy of those in power at the time is widely quoted, â€Å"I wish to undermine the Republican party, but only for my own prof it and not that of the ancient dynasty†¦ As for me†¦ I have tasted authority and I will not give it up. I have decided that if I cannot be the master I will leave France.† It would seem then that the seeds for his controlling and overbearing nature as a political leader were sewn before he even encountered power. This leads on to both his clear weakness and ultimately his failure as a political leader. Not only the insistence on controlling and influencing all aspects of the legislative agenda but then the tight grip he held those implementing the agendas in, meant that as Johnson states, â€Å"He (Napoleon) could not rule on a long-term basis. No one has ever been faster than he was at overturning existing governments, setting up new administrations, and imposing constitutions to fit them. None lasted more than a few years, some only a few months†¦ It always bore hallmarks of his impatience and his lack of tenacity in sustaining the long haul.† It would seem paradoxical that though his great task and success was bringing stability and competence in the management of French affairs at home, as the Empire grew, so did the inability in controlling it all. This is probably understandable when you look at some occasions where this controlling nature is highlighted such as, â€Å"In o ne week, shortly after becoming Viceroy of Italy, Eugene de Beauharnais received 21 letters providing advice and instructions, some of them running to several pages (from Napoleon).† It is precisely this level of detail and control that helped make France so strong and stable, which ultimately made the control of the empire so uncontrollable and unstable. The lack of heirs to manipulate and have ready to follow him in power may well have been part of this weakness in his leadership. It is hard to imagine he would have pressed so hard, so long for an empire as big as he did if he understood that he had someone he could mould into his place and watch continue his work, this too might have compounded his controlling nature. The fact that the siblings he had, after he put them into power in differing nations, his brother Joseph in Spain for instance, let him down so miserably in the majority of cases, could have contributed in this regard as well. All this leads to his political and military overstretching which would eventually lead to his downfall. Part of the legacy of Napoleon, as much as a tool for his control over both the people of France and the empire, and a continuation of his character as a political leader, was his great ability in propaganda. â€Å"Nothing lies like a Napoleonic bulletin.† Is a common understanding of the power Napoleon had in the art of getting the masses and the elite to understand and support what he wanted them to understand and support, a lot of what we would call ‘spin’ nowadays, just as much as propaganda. Markham explains the role Napoleon used propaganda in effectively: â€Å"In media-centred times†¦ we take for granted advertising and propaganda†¦ In Napoleon’s lifetime, such self-promotion was not nearly so widespread†¦ Napoleon, however, realised the value of such activities and was quick to use them to promote his rise to power. His proclamations, bulletins and letters to the government were all written with his own interests in mind†¦ His Italian and Egyptian campaigns became, in the eyes of the public, crusades of good against evil, those of an enlightened hero against the barbarians.† So not only was he a political leader of great ambition, confidence, intelligence, hard work, luck and control but also a leader who knew how to use new techniques and harness them for his and the nations own ends. Like many leaders however it was many of these same qualities that brought so much glory, which also brought the end. The overt confidence and control, pushing the hard working man to pursue too much, too soon without doubting, or allowing those around him to question enough, the merits of certain decisions. Why I mention propaganda as a part of Napoleons legacy is because Napoleon used it as such throughout his time in power, via portraits, sculptures and even after he left power through the written word in his autobiography. â€Å"Napoleon had always been conscious of how to best portray himself and his achievements†¦ Napoleon manipulated the arts and the media towards his personal glory†¦ Artists were commissioned and prizes were offered for works celebrating key moments of his career. Historical accuracy was less important than the image presented in both paintings and sculptures.† To a large extent this clever way of trying to secure a legacy has worked. When looking at Napoleon we undoubtedly think of pictures and paintings we have seen. For some people seeing Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres’ portrait of Napoleon on the imperial throne or the famous image of Napoleon crossing the Alps by Jacques Louis David, is all they have to go on, Napoleon from these image s looks very much how he wanted to be remembered, a successful, dashing, Emperor. There are other aspects of course to his legacy, one major part being that he brought Europe, especially what we now call Germany and central Europe, not only up to date in terms of the political and social institutions inside the nations, but also economically as well. On top of this before Napoleon controlled mainland Europe with his Empire, Europe was made up of many, often splintered, states. After Napoleon left power for good in 1815, the face of Europe looked completely different. The state structure, divided up by the Allies, was completely different and much of the current state system is therefore part of Napoleon’s legacy. For instance â€Å"Thomas Nipperdey began his acclaimed history of nineteenth-century Germany with the words ‘In the beginning was Napoleon.’† The other significant legacy Napoleon left was the ‘Code Napoleon’, the sets of laws, governing system and administration. As Emsley states, â€Å"The administrative system and structures that were to govern France for the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were essentially those that emerged during the Consulate.† And you can see exactly why the ‘Code Napoleon’ did survive, â€Å"The universal rights of citizenship, and of equality before the law, were confirmed. In family law, civil marriage and divorce were retained†¦ This Code has profoundly influenced the social development of at least thirty countries.† It is clear that Napoleon Bonaparte was a very astute and complex political leader and also one of great importance. Napoleons determination and ambition to succeed may well have been the reason behind both his rise and fall. â€Å"Few individuals have had more impact on history than Napoleon Bonaparte. He is the grandest possible refutation of those determinists who hold that events are governed by forces, classes, economics, and geography rather than by the power of wills of men and women†¦ Few persons of ambition have failed to see Bonaparte as an exemplar or a spur.† Though I do not agree with all the sentiments in the last quote, I agree with the latter. The sheer brilliance of the man, who, however you look at it has come from a background of mediocrity and middle class, to rule France in a way which benefited both himself, his nation and Europe as a whole, is an inspiring example certainly to me. His genius is of course exceptional, but the attention to detail, the hard working mentality and the ability to successfully negotiate a tough balancing act, is equally as inspiring. He clearly had some flaws both personally and politically but I take my inspiration not so much from every policy he passed but what attitude he held, and that is nothing but inspiring. Bibliography Davies, Norman (1997) Europe – A History. Pimlico. Dwyer, Philip G. – edited by (2001) Napoleon and Europe. Pearson Education. Dwyer, Philip G. and Forrest, Alan – edited by – (2007) Napoleon and his Empire – Europe, 1804-1814. Palgrave Macmillan. Emsley, Clive (2003) Napoleon – Conquest, Reform and Reorganisation. Pearson Education. Johnson, Paul (2002) Napoleon. Phoenix. Markham, J. David (2003) Napoleon’s Road to Glory – Triumphs, Defeats and Immortality. Brassey’s. McLynn, Frank (1997) Napoleon – A Biography. Pimlico. Lesson plan: defining aims Lesson plan: defining aims Lesson plan: Defining Aims What is a lesson plan? Before we do anything we must plan what to do, how to do, why to do and when to do. Also in the teaching, a teacher must plan what he wants to teach the students, why he wants teach and how to teach. The first thing that a teacher must do is preparing a lesson. It is called a lesson plan. What is a lesson plan? These are many definitions of lesson plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lesson plan is a teachers detailed description of the course of instruction for an individual lesson or a teachers document used to plan a lesson. (en.wikipedia.org)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A writing noting the method of delivery, and the specific goals and timeline associated to the delivery of the lesson content. (longwood.com)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An organized outline for single instructional period. it is a necessary guide for the instructor in that it tells what do you do, in what order to do it, and what procedure to use in teaching the material of a lesson (www.dynamicflight.com)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A written document used in planning a presentation. (wps.prenhall.com)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A teacher-developed and teacher-written study plan that guides instruction. It contains an outline of the important, points of a lesson arranged in (natomagroup.com)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion, a lesson plan is a teachers document planning for teaching. How to do the lesson plan?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first thing a teacher must do is decide on the lesson plans focus. The teacher creates one idea or question they want the students to explore or answer. Next, the teacher creates classroom activities that correlate with the established ideas or question. This includes individual and group activities. A lesson plan must correlate with the text book the class uses. The school or the teacher usually selects the text book or provides teachers with a limited text book choice for particular unit. The teacher must take great care and select the most appropriate book for the student. A good lesson plan can reflect interests and need of students. It incorporates best practices for the education filed. The lesson plan correlate with the teachers philosophy of education. Which is that the teacher feels is the purpose of the student. Lesson plan is preferable, because it allows a teacher to create various research, writing, speaking , and reading assignment. How to consider lesson plan? To know who the students are. Know ability levels, backgrounds, interest levels, attention spans, ability to work together in groups, prior knowledge and learning experience, special need or accommodations, and learning preferences. This my not happen as quickly as you would like, but it is important for designing instruction that will meet the needs of your student. Thats key in successful teaching and learning. To know the content. It is important for you to research the subject matter that you will be teaching. You should also utilize curriculum guides published by the state in which you teach and the local school district that employs you. It is also a good idea to know the national standards and state standards that drive curriculum frameworks and that will give you a lot of information relative to your subject area. TeAch-nology.com has a large number of links that will help you to search for information relative to that subject matter you are employed to teach. one link that can help is as follows To know the materials that are available to help you teach for success. Take and keep an inventory of the materials and resources that are available to you as a teacher. for example: technology , software, audio/visuals, teacher mentors, community resource, equipment, manipulative, library resources, local guest speakers, volunteers, or any materials that can assist you in teaching Planning For Instruction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the teacher starts teaching, the teacher must plan for instruction in order to make successfully in teaching. Content The teacher must list the important facts, key concepts, skills, or key vocabulary terms that you intend to cover. You can also prepare an outline with key learning outcomes. Remember to refer to your curriculum guides. Goals To identify the aims or that you want your students to achieve as result of the lesson you plan to teach. goals are end produce and are sometimes broad in nature. Goals relate directly to the knowledge and skill you identify. Goals determine purpose, aim, and rationale for what you your students will engage in during class time. The goals are typically written broad educational or unit goals adhering to state or national curriculum standards. Objectives To identify the objectives that you hope your students will achieve in the tasks that will engage them in the learning process. objectives are behavioral in nature and are specific to performance. Objectives tell what you will be observing in student performance and describe criteria by which you can measure performance against. In many way, objectives represent indicators of performance that tell you, the teacher, to what extent a student is progressing in any given task. Instructional objectives can start with. A given that describes a condition that enables your students to perform any given task. A given could be any activity, a specific set of direction ,materials needed to perform a task, any assignment, for anything that set up a condition for students to engage in the task being observed and measure for performance. The heart of the objective is the task that the student is expected to perform. it is probably one of the most important part of the lesson plan becaus e it is student centered and outcome based. Objectives can range form easy to hard tasks depending on student abilities Materials List the materials and recourses that will be need for the lesson to be successful, the teacher also use technology resources needs to achieve objectives. Introduction Describe or list a focusing event or attention grabber that will motivate the students to want to pay attention and learn about what the teacher plan to teach. It will depend on the ages and stage and of the students and will rely on students interests and backgrounds. The teacher must remember to get the students to attend and respond to the introduction will set the stage for the rest of lesson. Development Describe how the teacher plans to model or explain what the teacher wants the students to do. Modeling the learning behaviors the teacher expects of his students is a powerful development tool and provides demonstration that students can then imitate or practice on they town. During development, models of teaching are used to facilitate students learning. Models can include direct instruction, inquiry, information processing strategies, or cooperative learning strategies. Practice The teacher must list or describe ways in which the teacher will provide opportunities for the students to practice what the teacher wants the students to learn. The more opportunities the teacher provides, the better chance they have to master the expected outcomes. These opportunities are in classroom assignments or tasks that give the teacher, the chance to guide and monitor progress. Independent Practice The teacher should list or describe ways to provide opportunities for the students to complete assignments to measure progress against the goal of instruction. These assignments are meant to give the teacher s the chance to determine whether students have truly mastered the expected outcomes. Remember to only plan for task that the teacher believes students can accomplish without guidance. Accommodations The teacher should list or describe ways that the teacher will differentiate instruction according to students needs. This can include any curricular adaptations that are needed to meet special needs students. Checking for Understanding To list or describe ways that the teacher will check for understanding. Assessment and ongoing feedback are necessary for monitoring progress. This can include questioning, conferencing, or journal writing. Closure To list or describe ways that can wrap up a lesson. This can include telling students in the most important concepts that were covered in lesson, asking the students what they thought were the key concepts, or preparing them for the next lesson building upon what was presented. The key is to leave the students with an imprint of what the teacher hope to achieve in any given lesson. Evaluation The teacher must list or describe the ways to assess or measure the student success in achieving the outcomes that the teacher planed to reach. This can include a variety of ways to evaluate student performance. Aims Aims are general statements briefly outlining the content of the training being offer. Well written objectives are much more specific and should clarify the aims in more detail. Well written aims and objectives will help to provide a sound basis for identifying the content of a course or training program. Defining Aims Aims provide the teacher with the goal of the teaching-learning process. In other words, you know your destination when you begin instruction. They answer the question, what are the students supposed to know or be able to do once the unit or lesson is completed? Aims provide a clear framework for assessment is, after all, an effort to determine to what extent students have reached or achieved the objective. Aims provide the students direction and a goal for learning. Students have a better opportunity to stay the course when they know the goal of the learning. Ruth Hamilton wrote about the aims and sub-aims, by no means exhaustive by in http://www.philseflsupport.com/lessonplanaims.htm. Introducing and practicing new vocabulary. Revising previously taught vocabulary. Introducing a new grammatical point. Introducing new functional language. Revising or reviewing one or more grammatical points. Revising or reviewing functional exponents. Giving controlled/less-controlled/freer practice of a language point. Contrasting two (or more) grammatical points. Contrasting two (or more) functional exponents. Warmers/icebreakers getting to know your students. 11. Raising awareness/ear training and/or practicing aspects of phonology: a) pronunciation of phonemes/individual sounds b) word stress c) sentence stress d) intonation e) features of connected speech Error correction work (usually revising previously taught language) Self-access work. Learner training. Developing reading skills prediction/skimming/scanning/inferring, etc. Developing listening skills prediction/gist/for specific information/inference, etc. Examples of Aims The students can pronounce the words correctly. The students can tell the meaning of words. The students can ask and answer the direction to the bus station. The students can write the sentences about daily life. The students can read a short passage and answer the questions. My English Class Before I start my teaching English, I always prepare my lesson by planning what I will teach my students; the contents, the objectives or aims, materials or instruments, worksheets, and activities that I will use in the class. I use the varied activities in my English class such as games and songs depend on the contents in that period. The important thing that I must do is write the aims or the objectives of learning and tell the students what they are able to do after the learning. The teacher can check how the students success in the lesson by using the assignments, the test or any activities. References Mitchell, Diana, and Stephen Tchudi. (1999). Exploring and Teaching the English Language Arts. (4th Ed.) Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon. Raymond W. Donny Lee, Jr.(2004). Writing Learning Objectives for Unit and Lesson Plans. Tip of writing Objectives. http://www.okbu.edu/academics/natsc/ed. http://www.teach-nology.com en.wikipedia.org longwood.com natomagroup.com/basecamp/infodev/tpdhandbook/glossary.doc www.dynamicflight.com http://wps.prenhall.com Function : Asking and answering about time, routine, or activities. Teaching Procedure/Activities : Warm up/Lead in: The teacher lets the students play the number game. The teacher shows the clock and asks the students about the time. Then tells the students about the purpose of learning. Presentation: The teacher presents the vocabulary about the time. The teacher pronounces the words correctly and lets the students repeat. The teacher asks the questions about activities or routines and answers the questions. The teacher explains how to use the words and how to tell the time. Practice: The students practice by asking and answering the questions in pairs about the time and activities or routines. The teacher asks the students about their activities or routines. Checks the correct answers. Production: The teacher lets the students do the assignments by writing the sentences about their routines. Materials: word cards a clock pictures about activities Evaluation and measurement: Observing in the class Correcting the assignment